眼表铁过载小鼠干眼模型的构建和机制研究

目的：通过给小鼠腹腔注射右旋糖酐铁，建立小鼠铁过载干眼模型并初步探索其可能的机制。

方法：将40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠(取右眼为实验眼)用随机数字表法将小鼠分为4组：对照组10只，每次腹腔注射生理盐水0.2mL； 低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组各10只为模型组，每次分别腹腔注射浓度为12.5、25、50mg/mL的右旋糖酐铁溶液0.2mL。每3d注射1次，共注射28d。注药后第7、14、28d观察各组小鼠眼表炎症指数、角膜荧光素染色、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)及泪液分泌量(SⅠt)，评估干眼及眼表炎症程度。28d后处死小鼠，取角膜、结膜及泪腺组织，进行HE染色、普鲁士蓝染色以及组织铁检测，评估小鼠炎症反应及铁过载情况； 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测炎症因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达情况。

结果：与对照组相比，模型组小鼠出现一系列干眼症状，小鼠眼表炎症指数增高，角膜荧光素染色评分增加，BUT缩短，泪液分泌量减少(均P<0.05)； 模型组小鼠角膜、结膜及泪腺组织均受到不同程度的损伤，各组织眼表铁沉积情况较对照组加重，组织铁含量明显增加(均P<0.01)； 模型组小鼠角膜、结膜及泪腺组织中炎症因子(IL-1β、TNF-α、MMP-9)的含量均高于对照组(均P<0.01)，随着右旋糖酐铁注药时间及浓度增加，小鼠干眼及眼表炎症程度逐渐加重。

结论：腹腔注射右旋糖酐铁可成功建立小鼠铁过载干眼模型，其机制可能与铁过载加重眼表炎症反应有关。     

完全植入式静脉输液港患者健康教育调查问卷的编制及信效度检验北大核心CSCD

目的编制完全植入式静脉输液港患者健康教育知晓情况调查问卷并检测其信效度。方法通过文献回顾、两轮专家会议讨论形成调查问卷,随后采用方便抽样法抽取至导管室行输液港植入手术的20例患者进行预试验调查,检验问卷的信效度后形成终版调查问卷。结果问卷共有20个条目,包括输液港植入健康教育、带港患者居家管理两个维度。共收回问卷20份,有效回收率100%。问卷总体Cronbach’sα系数为0.819,维度一Cronbach’sα系数为0.621,维度二Cronbach’sα系数为0.710,说明该问卷具有较好的内部一致性。结论完全植入式静脉输液港患者健康教育知晓情况调查问卷具有良好的信效度,可用于完全植入式输液港患者全流程健康教育知识掌握现状的评估。     

健脾益肝方对非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者脂肪分布及脂代谢的影响

目的:探讨健脾益肝方对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者脂肪分布及脂代谢的影响。方法:将80例NAFLD患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各40例。两组患者均在多学科联合管理下给予个体化的饮食、运动等生活方式指导,治疗组患者在此基础上加用健脾益肝方,疗程均为3个月。通过生物电阻抗技术测量患者治疗前后脂肪质量及分布,定期监测肝肾功能、血脂指标。比较两组患者肥胖、脂肪分布、血脂指标变化。结果:治疗组患者有效率为97.5%,明显高于对照组的82.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组患者BMI、BFP、WHR、TC、TG及LDL-C水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);治疗组患者躯干及内脏脂肪沉积改善明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:生活方式干预联合健脾益肝方治疗NAFLD患者能显著改善患者的肥胖及脂代谢紊乱,并且与躯干和内脏脂肪质量的下降密切相关。     

Metabolic alterations in the visual pathway of retinitis pigmentosa rats: A longitudinal multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study with histopathological validation

Because retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been shown to cause degenerative changes in the entire visual pathway, there is an urgent need to perform longitudinal assessments of RP-induced degeneration and identify imaging protocols to detect this degeneration as early as possible. In this study, we assessed a transgenic rat model of RP by using complementary noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, namely, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), to investigate the metabolic changes in RP. Our study demonstrated decreased concentrations and ratios to creatine (Cr) of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine (Tau), whereas myo-inositol (Ins) and choline (Cho) were increased in the visual cortex of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats compared with control rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, with the progression of RP, the concentrations of NAA, Glu, GABA, and Tau, and the ratios of GABA/Cr and Tau/Cr significantly decreased over time, whereas the concentrations of Ins and Cho and the ratio of Ins/Cr significantly increased over time (p < 0.05). In addition, in RCS rats, NAA/Cr decreased significantly from 3 to 4 months postnatal (p < 0.001), and Cho/Cr increased significantly from 4 to 5 months postnatal (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the ¹H-MRS indicators in 5-month postnatal RCS rats could be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, with the progression of RP, the metabolic alterations in the visual cortex indicated progressive reprogramming with the decrease of neurons and axons, accompanied by the proliferation of gliocytes.     

口腔科门诊应对新型冠状病毒感染防疫探讨

目前新型冠状病毒感染疫情在全国蔓延，疫情防控成为医院工作的重点。口腔科门诊患者人流量大、口腔疾患多、口腔内病菌种类复杂、诊疗过程中患者无法戴口罩、医务人员的手和器械需要接触患者的唾液、血液、病菌等，特别是在相对封闭的环境中长时间暴露于高浓度气溶胶情况下存在经气溶胶传播的可能。本院口腔科门诊通过开诊前准备、就诊期间应急管理、消毒隔离管理等方面细化防疫措施，成果显著，有效保障医患安全。     

IL‐17A synergistically enhances TLR3‐mediated IL‐36γ production by keratinocytes: A potential role in injury‐amplified psoriatic inflammation

Skin injury can trigger formation of new lesions in psoriasis (Koebner phenomenon). The mechanisms through which injury exacerbates psoriasis are unclear. During wound repair, epidermal keratinocytes are activated and produce abundant IL‐36γ, further promoting the skin inflammation. IL‐17A is the cornerstone cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We sought to investigate the effects of IL‐17A on injury‐induced keratinocyte activation and IL‐36γ production. Here, we demonstrated that dsRNA released from necrotic keratinocytes induced the expression of IL‐36γ. Silencing of TLR3 by siRNA decreased the IL‐36γ induction by necrotic keratinocyte supernatant. Co‐stimulation with dsRNA and IL‐17A synergistically increased the expression of IL‐36γ and other proinflammatory mediators (CCL20, CXCL8, DEFB4 and LCN2) in keratinocytes. The synergistic effects were not dependent on TLR3 upregulation, TNF receptor signalling and mRNA stabilization. Co‐stimulation with dsRNA and IL‐17A resulted in an accumulation of IκBζ. The synergistic upregulation of IL‐36γ and proinflammatory mediators were inhibited by IκBζ siRNA. Co‐stimulation with IL‐17A and poly(I:C) markedly activated the p38 MAPK and NF‐κB pathway, compared with poly(I:C). Blockade of p38 MAPK and NF‐κB suppressed dsRNA/IL‐17A–mediated IκBζ and IL‐36γ induction. These findings demonstrated that IL‐17A synergistically enhanced the dsRNA‐mediated IL‐36γ production through a p38 MAPK‐, NF‐κB–, and IκBζ‐dependent mechanism.     

Repair of peripheral nerve defects by nerve transposition using small gap bio-sleeve suture with different inner diameters at both ends

During peripheral nerve transposition repair, if the diameter difference between transposed nerves is large or multiple distal nerves must be repaired at the same time, traditional epineurial neurorrhaphy has the problem of high tension at the suture site, which may even lead to the failure of nerve suture. We investigated whether a small gap bio-sleeve suture with different inner diameters at both ends can be used to repair a 2-mm tibial nerve defect by proximal transposition of the common peroneal nerve in rats and compared the results with the repair seen after epineurial neurorrhaphy. Three months after surgery, neurological function, nerve regeneration, and recovery of nerve innervation muscle were assessed using the tibial nerve function index, neuroelectrophysiological testing, muscle biomechanics and wet weight measurement, osmic acid staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. There was no obvious inflammatory reaction and neuroma formation in the tibial nerve after repair by the small gap bio-sleeve suture with different inner diameters at both ends. The conduction velocity, muscle strength, wet muscle weight, cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and the number of new myelinated nerve fibers in the biosleeve suture group were similar to those in the epineurial neurorrhaphy group. Our findings indicate that small gap bio-sleeve suture with different inner diameters at both ends can achieve surgical suture between nerves of different diameters and promote regeneration and functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves.     

耳科手术护理配合标准作业程序的构建与应用

目的提高耳科疾病患者手术护理质量与效率。方法按时间段将耳科手术患者400例分为两组各200例;对照组按常规进行手术护理配合;观察组构建耳科手术护理配合标准作业程序(SOP),对护士进行专项培训后用于手术护理中。比较耳蜗植入、中耳手术、听神经瘤手术及咽鼓管球囊扩张4项手术的应用效果。结果观察组前3项手术时间显著短于对照组;手术医生满意度显著高于对照组,因手术器械仪器故障致手术中断率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论构建的耳科手术护理配合SOP使手术护理规范化、标准化、同质化,有效提高了手术室护理工作效率及护理质量。